Guidance arises from Robert Hoberman (private communication). It is apparently generally associate of one’s Jewish dialects of many other urban centers in the region as well, along with Aqra and you can Rawanduz.
not, within dialect there is certainly an extremely unusual change off h to h from the 3rd person just one possessive suffixes: resIh ‘his head’
Azerbaijan (Azer): What of one’s Jews of Iranian Azerbaijan, together with teams during the Urmi, Salmas, Basqale, Mahabad, and Yuksekova. Information is out of Garbell (1965).
Halabja (Hala): The words of Jews away from Halabja on Iran-Iraq border. This is extremely nearby the Jewish dialects of your almost every other places of one’s part, as well as Saqqiz, Suleimaniya, Sanandaj, Baneh, and you will Panjwin. Advice arises from my personal notes.
We’ll examine these types of dialects with regard to twenty-four phonological, morphological, morpho-lexical, and you will lexical criteria. Adopting the Hetzron (1976, 98), you will find selected simply innovations as the criteria having classification. I have chosen a great disproportionate amount of morphological criteria, therefore we shall give them unique pounds, once more after the Hetzron, however, other shared designs would-be thought to be well.
Notice and the more challenging preservation as well as installation of from https://datingranking.net/de/fkk-dating/ inside the Koy Sanjaq advertised because of the Hoberman (1985)
Even as we evaluate the latest languages regarding NENA we will try to determine this new the amount to which the fresh dialects display a definite development hence differs from Turoyo and you may Mandaic. Meanwhile, we shall discover bundles out-of isoglosses within this NENA.
(1) Be concerned are penultimate in every new NA dialects, plus Turoyo and you may Mandaic yet not about three easternmost Jewish dialects, Jewish Azerbaijani, Koy Sanjaq, and you can Halabja, which usually fret the past syllable. This type of languages search, in this way, such as more (Garbell 1965), showing an abnormally good influence regarding Kurdish.
(2) All NENA languages provides blended h and you will x. Inside the Hertevin as a result, h, and almost everywhere else it is x: Hertevin haye ‘life’ (Jastrow 1988, 189) and you may dmehli ‘I slept’ (Jastrow 1988, 18), Tkhuma xa:[Theta]a great ‘new’, Jilu ptIxli ‘I opened’ (Fox 1992, 45), and you may +damxotu ‘you sleep’ (Fox 1992, 55).(4)
Both Turoyo and Mandaic keep separate h and you can x. Specific NENA dialects possess reintroduced h while the a credit of Kurdish otherwise Arabic or from Classical Syriac otherwise Hebrew.(5) But not, the brand new passed down code constantly shows x. Including, during the Tisqopa you can find borrowed Arabic conditions, such sahabi ‘friend’, having h, however, passed on terminology such as laxma ‘bread’ constantly show x. (6)
(3) All of the NENA languages except Hertevin and you will Zakho have lost most hours out of handed down. Such as, inside Aradhin we discover arba ‘four’, upra ‘earth’ add up to Syriac arb a beneficial and you will afra. Within the Hertevin as well as in Zakho, handed down is actually frequently ?: Hertevin so?a ‘seven’ (Jastrow 1988, 99), Zakho sme?la ‘she heard’ (Meehan and you can Alon 1979, 189). In lot of most other dialects most are maintained since the ?, and, about other people, is gone completely. Some dialects keeps reintroduced borrowed out-of Arabic or Kurdish. Like, Halabja possess ayza ‘good’.
(4) During the before dialects out-of Aramaic, as with Tiberian Hebrew, t turned [Theta] immediately following a good vowel. That it alternation has been lexicalized for the NENA, having often t or [Theta] spread compliment of entire paradigms, whether or not preceded because of the an effective vowel or not. For example, for the Aradhin the fresh new verb ‘come’ now has [Theta] throughout: a[Theta]ya ‘it (fem.) comes’, as well as [Theta]e:los angeles ‘she came’ (Krotkoff 1982, 70, 74). Next, in a few dialects the fresh new phoneme [Theta] have been through even more transform. In a number of dialects [Theta] features blended back to t, as well as in other people it’s become s if not l.(7) In one single dialect, Jilu, it is h right after which started removed except in the beginning of a keyword. The 3 easternmost Jewish languages show this new shocking change from [Theta] to just one. The outcome ones alter can be seen on the word ‘house’ and that appears in different dialects since feel:[Theta great]a (Tkhuma), biya (Jilu), beta (Hertevin), bela (Halabja), and you can besa (Sanandaj Christian).
